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Order of Osmanieh
The Order of Osmanieh or Osmaniye ((トルコ語:Osmanlı Devlet Nişanı)) was a military decoration of the Ottoman Empire.
==History==
The order was created in January 1862 by Sultan Abdulaziz.〔(Australian War Memorial )〕 With the obsolescence of the Nişan-i Iftikhar, this became the second highest order in the Empire, ranking below the Nişan-i Imtiyaz. It was awarded by the Sultan to Ottoman civil servants and military leaders for outstanding services to the state. Generally, it could not be awarded to women, but exceptions appear to have been made at the Sultan's discretion. The order was originally established in three classes. In 1867 the order was expanded to four classes, plus an augmented first class set with brilliants or diamonds (This does not include the awards with sabers, which were not separate classes, but did constitute separate awards). The order was restricted (for Turkish recipients) to 50 members of the first class, 200 members of the second class, 1000 of the third class, and 2000 of the fourth class. Originally, one could not receive the first class of this order without having first been decorated with the First Class of the Order of the Medjidie, but during the 33-year reign of Abdulhamid II, most of these restrictions were ignored and the first class of both orders were awarded liberally. A fifth class was added in 1893.〔
From 1915 until the end of the First World War, all classes could be awarded with sabers when awarded for achievements in military operations.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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